ISTINBÂTH HUKUM MELALUI PENDEKATAN KAIDAH LUGHOWIYYAH DAN KAIDAH MAQÂSHIDIYYAH
Keywords:
Istinbath law, lughowiyyah rules, maqashidiyyah rulesAbstract
Efforts to extract Islamic law from its sources (istinbath al-ahkâm) will not produce adequate
results, except by taking appropriate approaches, which are supported by adequate knowledge,
especially regarding legal sources. istinbâth al-ahkâm is closely related to the texts (Al-Qur'an
and Hadith), the soul and purpose of the Shari'a. Therefore, the use of linguistic rules approach
(lughowiyyah) and maqâshid al-syarî'ah (maqâshidiyyah) rules is a necessity. The use of an
approach through linguistic rules is important because the study will involve shari'a texts, while
the approach through maqâshid al-syarî'ah is important because the study involves the will of
shari'a, which can only be known through the study of maqâshid al-syarî'ah. This article aims to
analyze and describe legal istinbâth through the approach of linguistic rules and maqâshid alsyarî'ah rules. This study is a literature review that uses a qualitative approach. The primary
data sources used are ushul fiqh books, while the secondary data sources are several books and
articles related to the subject matter. This article finds that: 1) linguistic rules are the pillars of
the study of ushûl al-fiqh (the istinbâth method), by which mujtahids can explore and derive
laws from the Qur'an and the Hadith of the Prophet, therefore it is an unreasonable thing if
someone those who do not understand Arabic will be able to take maximum legal rest from the
Qur'an and hadith in Arabic; 2) understanding the text and extracting the law must be based on
linguistic instructions and understanding the rules of the Arabic language as well as the
prophet's instructions in understanding the legal content of the Qur'an and the explanation of
the hadith on the legal content of the Qur'an; 3) In addition to linguistic rules, one of the ways
or media to understand the goals behind dynamic and moderate Islamic law from the source of
the Qur'an and hadith is through the rules of maqâshid al-syarî'ah, which is an important part
from the science of ushul al-fiqh
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